Exploring the Potential in LID Technologies for Remediating Heavy Metals in Carwash Wastewater

Carwash wastewater (CWW) can be a significant source of environmental pollution due to the diversity and high concentrations contaminants it contains. This toxic contain several different heavy metals that if left untreated, enter surface sub-surface waters. Innovative, nature-based solutions such as low-impact development (LID) technologies may provide an eco-friendly CWW treatment process is both effective affordable. research reviews available literature definitive values flowrate contaminant found in around globe. Dividing LID into two groups, vegetated unvegetated systems, authors explored for general performance these sustainably treat CWW. Depending on car wash’s size intended purpose, whether cleaning vehicles agriculture-based rural communities, mining, or high-density urban environments, volumetric flowrates requiring six countries ranged from 35–400 L/car. also contains wide range at various levels, including COD, turbidity, TDS TSS, surfactants, oils greases, lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, chromium, iron. Heavy metal removal by LIDs shows mixed results literature, but given processes involved types, propose system combines types order all necessary processes, mechanical filtration, adsorption, sedimentation, chemical biological processes.